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THE 


ZEYI^  LIBOTY. 

A Semi-Weekly  Magazine. 


VOL.  I.  i 
No.  7.  ! 


JANUARY  23,  1883. 


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THE 


Motive  and  Habit  of  Reading. 


By  CHARLES  F.  RICHARDSON. 


PliOSPECTtJS. 

It  is  intended  that  each  number  of  The  Elzevir  Library  shall 
contain  a complete  literary  gem , a characteristic  specimen  of  the 
best  product  of  the  brain  of  the  author  who  is  represented.  The 
numbers  taken  together  will  form  a unique  cyclopedia  of  the 
world’s  choicest  literature.  Subscriptions  received  for  any  sepa- 
rate numbers.  The  104  numbers  of  a year  will  contain  not  less 
than  2912  pages,  and  should  that  dumber  be  reached  in  less  than 
a year,  subscriptions  at  $2  will  be  consi^red  as  terminated. 

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JOHN  B.  ALDEN,  Publisher, 
18  VESEYfcST.,  NEW  YORK. 

P.  O.  Box  1227. 


XTbe  3£l3evic  Xibrar^ 


186  Essays  of  Elia.  Charles  Lamb., 

165  Heroism.  Ralpo  Waldo  Emerson 

363  Co-operation.  Holyoake .* 

162  Alden’sUniv.  Literature,  Part  III 

161  Burke  on  the  Sublime  and  Beautiful 

160  Obiter  Dicta.  Augustine  Birreli  

159  Alden’s  Univ.  Literature,  Part  II 

157  On  Leaves.  Ills.  Sir  John  Lubbock 

156  Alden’s  Univ.  Literature,  Part  I 

155  Thomas  Carlyle,  from  Obiter  Dicta 

148  Gems  of  Song  and  Story 

147  Great  Thoughts  from  Greek  Authors.  Euripides 

146  The  same:  Demosthenes,  Diogenes 

145  The  same:  Aristotle, ‘etc „ 

144  The  same:  Aristophanes,  etc 

143  The  same:  iEschylus,  Anacreon,  etc 

142  Emerson.  Matthew  Arnold 

141  Physical  Education.  Spencer  

140  Moral  Education.  Herbert  Spencer 

139  Intellectual  Education.  Spencer, 

138  What  Knowledge  is  of  Most  Worth 

137  Progress  of  the  Working  Classes.  Robert  Giffin,  LL.D. 

136  The  War  for  the  Union.  W. Phillips 

135  Wendell  Phillips.  Geo.  Wm.  Curtis 

134  Numbers.  Matthew  Arnold 

133  The  Coming  Slavery.  Spencer 

132  On  Liberty.  John  Stuart  Mill 

131  Rokeby.  Sir  Walter  Scott 

130  Milton.  T.  Babington  Macaulay 

129  Erasmus  and  Henry  VIIL  D’Aubigne 

128  Lady  of  the  Lake.  Scott 

127  Marmion.  Scott 

126  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel.  Scott  

125  Confessions  of  an  Opium-Eater 

124  Legend  of  the  Wandering  Jew 

123-  Hermann  and  Dorothea.  Goethe 

122  Public  Health.  Edward  Orton, LL.D 

121  Some  of  My  Pets.  Grace  Greenwood 

120  The  Raven,  etc.  Edgar  A.  Poe 

119  Ethics  of  the  Dust.  John  Ituskin 

118  Crown  of  Wild  Olive.  JohuRuskin 

117  Sesame  and  Lilies.  John  Ruskin 

116  Luther  Anecdotes.  Dr.  Macaulay 

115  Luther’s  Table  Talk.  Dr.  Macaulay 

114  Life  of  George  Muller.  Mrs.  Muller 

113  The  Understanding.  John  Locke 

112  The  Battle  of  Waterloo,  E.S.  Creasy 

Ill  The  Battle  of  Saratoga.  E.  S.  Creasy 

110  Defeat  of  the  Spanish  Armada 

109  Battle  of  Hastings.  E.  3 Creasy 

108  Tints  of  the  Times.  O.  C.  Kerr 

107  Battle  of  the  Books.  Dean  Swift 

106  The  Heart  of  Bruce,  etc.  Aytoun 

105  Virginia,, The  Armada.  Macaulay 

104  Count  Rumford.  John  Tyndall 

303  Tim  Battle  of  Marathon.  E.S.  Creasy. 

102  The  Ancient  Mariner.  Coleridge 

101  Mazeppa.  Lord  Byron 

100  James  Ferguson,  the  Astronomer 

99  The  Four  Chief  Apostles.  F.  Godet 

S9  Gertrude  of  Wyoming.  Campbell 

84  E^savs  on  Man.  By  Pope , 

83  Fior  d’Aliza.  By  Lamartine 

79  Tne  Spectre  Bridegroom.  Irving 


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3C. 

& THE  CHOICE  OF  BOOKS. 

■5? 


1 THE  MOTIVE  OF  READING. 

2 “ Of  making  many  books  there  is  no  end,”  said 
>-the  wisest  of  men  three  thousand  years  ago  ; and 
she  added  the  equally  true  statement  that  “ much 

study  ” — that  is,  much  reading — “ is  a weariness 
of  the  flesh.”  A fourteenth  century  commenta- 
„ tor,  in  considering  this  text,  drew  the  conclusion 
f that  no  books  may  rightly  be  read  save  “ the 
^bokis  of  hooli  scripture,”  and  “ other  bokis,  that 
ben  nedeful  to  the  understonding  of  hooli  script- 
ure.” Modern  readers,  reared  outside  the  close 

H) 

; atmosphere  of  mediaeval  cloisters,  are  of  course 
Ssnot  so  narrow  in  their  interpretation  of  this  text ; 
but  all  will  agree  that  a wise  choice  must  be 
made  from  the  great  stores  of  literature  that  the 
^ ages  have  accumulated,  from  the  days  of  papyrus 
^scrolls  and  birch-bark  writings,  to  these  times, 
^ when  scarcely  any  country  town  is  without  its 


8 


The  Choice  of  Books. 


printing-press.  “We  are  now,”  says  Disraeli, 
“ in  want  of  an  art  to  teach  how  books  are  to  be 
read,  rather  than  to  read  them ; such  an  art  is 
practicable.” 

The  very  first  thing  to  be  remembered  by  turn 
who  Would  study  the  art  of  reading  is  that  noth- 
ing can  take  the  place  of  personal  enthusiasm 
and  personal  work.  However  wise  may  be  the 
friendly  adviser,  and  however  full  and  perfect 
the  chosen  hand-book  of  reading,  neither  can  do 
more  than  to  stimulate  and  suggest.  Notning 
can  take  the  place  of  a direct  familiarity  with 
books  themselves.  To  know  one  good  book  well, 
is  better  than  to  know  something  about  a hun- 
dred good  books,  at  second  hand.  The  taste  for 
reading  and  the  habit  of  reading  must  always  be 
developed  from  within  ; they  can  never  be  given 
from  without. 

All  plans  and  systems  of  reading,  therefore, 
should  be  taken,  as  far  as  possible,  into  one's 
heart  of  hearts,  and  be  made  a part  of  his  own 
mind  and  thought.  Unless  this  can  be  done,  they 
are  worse  than  useless.  Dr.  McCosh  says : “The 
book  to  read  is  not  the  one  that  thinks  for  you, 
but  the  one  which  makes  you  think.”  It  is  plain, 
then,  that  a “ course  of  reading  ” may  be  a great 


The  Motive  of  Reading . 


9 


good  or  a great  evil,  according  to  its  use.  The 
late  Bishop  Alonzo  Potter,  one  of  the  most  judi- 
cious of  literary  helpers,  offered  to  readers  this 
sound  piece  of  advice : “ Do  not  be  so  enslaved 
by  any  system  or  course  of  study,  as  to  think  it 
may  not  be  altered.”  However  conscious  one 
may  be  of  his  own  deficiencies,  and  however  he 
may  feel  the  need  of  outside  aid,  he  should  never 
permit  his  own  independence  and  self-respect  to 
be  obliterated.  “ He  who  reads  incessantly/' 
says  Milton, 

“And  to  his  reading  brings  not 
A spirit  and  judgment  equal  or  superior, 

Uncertain  and  unsettled  still  remains, 

Deep  versed  in  books,  but  shallow  in  himself/* 

The  general  agreement  of  intelligent  people 
as  to  the  merit  of  an  author  or  the  worth  of  a 
book,  is.  of  course,  to  be  accepted  until  one  finds 
some  valid  reason  for  reversing  it.  But  nothing 
is  to  be  gained  by  pretending  to  like  what  one 
really  dislikes,  or  to  enjoy  what  one  does  not 
find  profitable,  or  even  intelligible.  If  a reader 
is  not  honest  and  sincere  in  this  matter,  there  is 
small  hope  for  him.  The  lowest  taste  may  be 
cultivated  and  improved,  and  radically  changed ; 
but  pretense  and  artificiality  can  never  grow 


io  The  Choice  of  Books. 

into  anything  better.  They  must  be  wholly 
rooted  out  at  the  start.  If  you  dislike  Shake- 
speare’s “Hamlet,”  and  greatly  enjoy  a trashy 
story,  say  so  with  sincerity  and  sorrow,  if  occa- 
sion requires,  and  hope  and  work  for  a reversal 
of  your  taste.  “ It’s  guid  to  be  honest  and  true,” 
says  Burns,  and  nowhere  is  honesty  more  needed 
than  here. 

It  should  always  be  borne  in  mind  that  the 
busiest  reader  must  leave  unread  all  but  a mere 
fraction  of  the  good  books  in  the  world.  “ Be 
not  alarmed  because  so  many  books  are  recom- 
mended,” says  Bishop  Potter ; “ and  do  not  at- 
tempt to  read  much  or  fast but  “ dare  to  be  ig- 
norant of  many  things.”  There  are  now  1,100,000 
printed  books  in  the  library  of  the  British  Mu- 
seum alone ; and  the  library  of  the  Bibliotheque 
Nationale  of  Paris  contains  more  than  3,000,000 
volumes.  An  experienced  librarian  has  esti- 
mated that  not  less  than  25,000  new  books  now 
appear  annually  ; and  yet  the  reading  of  a book 
a fortnight,  or  say  twenty-five  books  a year,  is 
quite  as  much  as  the  average  reader  can  possi- 
bly achieve — a rate  at  which  only  1,250  books 
could  be  read  in  half  a century.  Since  this  is 
so,  he  must  be  very  thoughtless  and  very  timid 


The  Motive  of  Reading . x i 

who  feels  any  shame  in  confessing  that  he  is 
wholly  ignorant  of  a great  many  books ; and  on 
the  other  hand,  none  but  a very  superficial  and 
conceited  reader  will  venture  to  express  surprise 
at  the  deficiencies  of  others,  when  a little  thought 
would  make  his  own  so  clearly  manifest.  In 
Cowper’s  words : 

Knowledge  is  proud  that  he  has  learned  so  much  ; 
Wisdom  is  humble  that  he  knows  no  more. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 
LIBRARY 


12 


The  Choice  of  Books. 


THE  READING  HABIT. 

There  are  some  persons  who  are  so  fortunate 
as  to  be  unable  to  tell  when  they  formed  the 
habit  of  reading ; who  find  it  a constant  and  ever 
increasing  advantage  and  pleasure,  their  whole 
lives  long ; and  who  will  not  lay  it  down  so  long 
as  they  live.  There  are  men  and  women  in  the 
world  whose  youth  and  whose  old  age  are  so 
bound  up  in  the  reading  habit  that,  if  questioned 
as  to  its  first  inception  and  probable  end,  they 
could  only  reply,  like  Dimple-chin  and  Grizzled- 
face,  in  Mr.  Stedman’s  pretty  poem  of  “ Toujours 
Amour : ” “ Ask  some  younger  lass  than  I ; ” 
“ Ask  some  older  sage  than  I.”  Happy  are  those 
whose  early  surroundings  thus  permit  them  to 
form  the  reading  habit  unconsciously ; whose 
parents  and  friends  surround  them  with  good 
books  and  periodicals ; and  whose  time  is  so  ap- 
portioned, in  childhood  and  youth,  as  to  permit 
them  to  give  a fair  share  of  it  to  reading,  as  well 
as  to  study  in  school,  on  the  one  hand,  and  phys- 
ical labor,  on  the  other.  It  is  plain  that  a great 


The  Reading  Habit . 


13 


duty  and  responsibility  thus  rests  upon  the  par- 
ents and  guardians  and  teachers  of  the  young, 
at  the  very  outset.  It  is  theirs  to  furnish  the 
books,  and  to  stimulate  and  suggest,  in  every 
wise  way,  the  best  methods  of  reading. 

Just  where,  in  this  early  formation  of  the  read- 
ing habit,  absolute  direction  should  end  and  ad- 
vice begin,  is  a matter  which  the  individual 
parent  or  guardian  must  decide  for  himself,  in 
large  measure.  Perhaps  there  is  greater  danger 
of  too  much  direction  than  of  too  much  sugges- 
tion. It  is  well  to  give  the  young  reader,  in 
great  part,  the  privilege  of  forming  his  own  plans 
and  making  his  own  choice.  0.f  this  promotion 
of  self-development  Herbert  Spencer  says : “ In 

education  the  process  of  self-development  should 
be  encouraged  to  the  fullest  extent.  Children 
should  be  led  to  make  their  own  investigations, 
and  to  draw  their  own  inferences.  They  should 
be  told  as  little  as  possible,  and  induced  to  dis- 
cover as  much  as  possible.  Humanity  has  pro- 
gressed solely  by  self-instruction  ; and  that . to 
achieve  the  best  results  each  mind  must  progress 
somewhat  after  the  same  fashion,  is  continually 
proved  by  the  marked  success  of  self-made  men. 
Those  who  have  been  brought  up  under  the 


H 


fhe  Choice  of  Books. 


ordinary  school-drill,  and  have  carried  away  with 
them  the  idea  that  education  is  practicable  only 
in  that  style,  will  think  it  hopeless  to  make  chil- 
dren their  own  teachers.  If,  however,  they  will 
call  to  mind  that  the  all-important  knowledge  of 
surrounding  objects  which  a child  gets  in  its 
early  years  is  got  without  help,  if  they  will  re- 
member that  the  child  is  self-taught  in  the  use 
of  its  mother’s  tongue  ; if  they  will  estimate  the 
amount  of  that  experience  of  life,  that  out-of- 
school wisdom  which  every  boy  gathers  for 
himself ; if  they  will  mark  the  unusual  intelli- 
gence of  the  uncared  for  London  gamin,  as  shown 
in  all  directions  in  which  his  faculties  have  been 
tasked ; if,  further,  they  will  think  how  many 
minds  have  struggled  up  unaided,  not  only 
through  the  mysteries  of  our  irrationally-plan- 
ned curriculum,  but  through  hosts  of  other  obsta- 
cles besides,  they  will  find  it  a not  unreasonable 
conclusion,  that  if  the  subjects  be  put  before  him 
in  right  order  and  right  form,  any  pupil  of  ordi- 
nary capacity  will  surmount  his  successive  diffi- 
culties with  but  little  assistance.  Who  indeed 
can  watch  the  ceaseless  observation  and  inquiry 
and  inference  going  on  in  a child’s  mind,  or  listen 
to  its  acute  remarks  on  matters  within  the  range 


The  Reading  Habit . 


1 S 


of  its  faculties,  without  perceiving  that  these 
powers  which  it  manifests,  if  brought  to  bear 
systematically  upon  any  studies  within  the  same 
range,  would  readily  master  them  without  help  ? 
This  need  for  perpetual  telling  is  the  result  of 
our  stupidity,  not  of  the  child’s.  We  drag  it 
away  from  the  facts  in  which  it  is  interested,  and 
which  it  is  actively  assimilating  of  itself ; we  put 
before  it  facts  far  too  complex  for  it  to  under- 
stand, and  therefore  distasteful  to  it ; finding  that 
it  will  not  voluntarily  acquire  these  facts,  we 
thrust  them  into  his  mind  by  force  of  threats 
and  punishment ; by  thus  denying  the  knowledge 
it  craves,  and  cramming  it  with  knowledge  it 
cannot  digest,  we  produce  a morbid  state  of  its 
faculties,  and  a consequent  disgust  for  knowledge 
in  general ; and  when  as  a result  partly  of  the 
stolid  indifference  we  have  brought  on,  and 
partly  of  still  continued  unfitness  in  its  studies, 
the  child  can  understand  nothing  without  expla- 
nation, and  becomes  a mere  passive  recipient  of 
our  instruction,  we  infer  that  education  must 
necessarily  be  carried  on  thus.  Having  by  our 
method  induced  helplessness,  we  straightway 
make  the  helplessness  a reason  for  our  method.” 

After  making  all  needed  deductions  from  the 


16  The  Choice  of  Books. 

somewhat  impatient  spirit  in  which  Mr.  Spencer 
here  speaks,  it  can  hardly  be  questioned  that  the 
young  reader — and  most  of  these  suggestions 
apply  equally  well  to  those  who  begin  to  read 
later  in  life — will  do  much  for  himself ; and  that, 
on  the  whole,  he  stands  in  greater  need  of  a judi- 
cious guide  and  helper  than  of  a rigorous  ruler 
and  taskmaster.  Of  course,  if  he  lacks  both  guid- 
ance and  government,  the  latter  is  better  than 
nothing ; and  there  are  times  when  only  stern 
commandment  will  avail.  But  the  rule  should 
be  made  in  accordance  with  the  large  purpose 
of  helpfulness.  The  reading  habit  is  a growth 
a development,  not  a creation  ; and  all  measures 
for  its  cultivation,  whether  from  without  or  with- 
in, should  be  made  with  this  fact  in  mind.  And 
where  strict  and  even  stern  regulation  is  neces. 
sary,  the  direction  will  be  most  profitable  that 
best  succeeds  in  causing  itself  to  be  assimilated 
in  the  mind  of  the  governed,  as  a part  of  that 
mind,  and  not  as  a foreign  addition. 

Whether  the  reader,  thus  helped  by  wise  coun- 
selors, be  young  or  old,  he  should  soon  become 
familiar  with  the  advantage  of  making  his  read- 
mg  a part  of  his  daily  life.  Miss  Edith  Simcox, 
one  of  the  wisest  of  living  Englishwomen,  thus 


The  Reading  Habit . 


1 7 


presses  this  point  : “ No  part  of  a child's  school 
knowledge  can  be  safely  allowed  to  remain  long 
detached  from  its  daily  life.  The  history  and 
geography  of  lesson  books  must  join  on  to  that 
of  the  newspapers ; it  is  almost  worse  to  know 
the  name  and  date  of  a writer  or  a hero,  without 
an  independent  familiarity  with  the  nature  of 
his  books  or  actions,  than  to  be  frankly  ignorant 
of  all  at  once ; and  in  every  branch  of  science  it 
is  admitted  that  a knowledge  of  definitions  and 
formulas  is  useless  apart  from  experimental  ac- 
quaintance with  the  actual  bodies  described. 
An  inaccurate  general  knowledge,  that  would 
not  stand  the  test  of  examination,  may  even  in 
some  cases  have  more  educational  value  than  a 
few  correct  and  barren  facts;  and  our  educa- 
tional results  will  not  be  thoroughly  satisfactory 
if  detailed  information  is  imparted  faster  than 
circumstantial  impressions  about  its  color  and 
bearing.” 

Mr.  Ruskin,  too,  has  recently  spoken  of  the 
duty  of  brightening  the  beginnings  of  education, 
and  of  the  evils  of  cramming,  against  which,  hap- 
pily, the  tide  of  the  best  contemporary  thought 
is  now  setting  strongly, — never  to  ebb,  let  us 
hope.  “Make  your  children,”  he  says,  “happy 


1 8 The  Choice  of  Books. 

in  their  youth  ; let  distinction  come  to  them,  if 
it  will,  after  well  spent  and  well-remembered 
years  ; but  let  them  now  break  and  eat  the  bread 
of  Heaven  with  gladness  and  singleness  of  heart, 
and  send  portions  to  them  for  whom  nothing  is 
prepared ; and  so  Heaven  send  you  its  grace, 
before  meat,  and  after  it.”  Of  the  necessity  of 
making  attractive  the  beginnings  of  reading, 
Edward  Everett  Hale  says : “ In  the  first  place, 
we  must  make  this  business  agreeable.  Which- 
ever avenue  we  take  into  the  maze  must  be  one 
of  the  pleasant  avenues,  or  else,  in  a world  which 
the  good  God  has  made  very  beautiful,  the 
young  people  will  go  a-skating,  or  a-fishing,  or 
a-swimming,  or  a-voyaging,  and  not  a-reading, 
and  no  blame  to  them.”  How  much  can  be 
done  by  others  in  making  the  literary  path  pleas- 
ant, is  known  to  the  full  by  those  whose  first 
steps  were  guided  therein  by  a wise  father,  or 
mother,  or  teacher,  or  friend.  How  strongly  the 
lack  of  the  helpful  hand  is  felt,  none  who  have 
missed  it  will  need  to  be  told. 

But  those  who  must  be  their  own  helpers  need 
not  be  one  whit  discouraged.  The  history  of 
the  world  is  full  of  bright  examples  of  the  value 
of  self-training,  as  shown  by  the  subsequent  suo 


The  Reading  Habit . 


19 


cess  won  as  readers,  and  writers,  and  workers  in 
every  department  of  life,  by  those  who  appar- 
ently lacked  both  books  to  read  and  time  to  read 
them,  or  even  the  candle  wherewith  to  light  the 
printed  page.  It  would  be  easy  to  fill  this  whole 
series  of  chapters  with  accounts  of  the  way  in 
which  the  reading  habit  has  been  acquired  and 
followed  in  the  face  of  every  obstacle.  But  a 
single  bit  of  personal  reminiscence  may  be  taken 
as  the  type  of  thousands ; not  only  because  of  its 
touching  beauty  and  its  telling  force,  but  because 
it  is  the  latest  to  be  told.  To-morrow  some 
other  man  of  eminence  will  add  no  less  strong 
testimony  to  the  possibility  of  self-education.  It 
is  the  story  told  by  Robert  Collyer,  who  worked 
his  way  from  the  anvil  in  a little  English  town, 
up  to  a commanding  position  among  American 
preachers  and  writers.  “ Do  you  want  to  know,” 
he  asked,  “ how  I manage  to  talk  to  you  in  this 
simple  Saxon  ? I will  tell  you.  I read  Bunyan, 
Crusoe,  and  Goldsmith  when  I was  a boy,  morn- 
ing, noon,  and  night.  All  the  rest  was  task 
work  ; these  were  my  delight,  with  the  stories  in 
the  Bible,  and  with  Shakespeare,  when  at  last 
the  mighty  master  came  within  our  doors.  The 
rest  were  as  senna  to  me.  These  were  like  a 


20  The  Choice  of  Books . 

well  of  pure  water,  and  this  is  the  first  step  1 
seem  to  have  taken  of  my  own  free  will  toward 

the  pulpit I took  to  these  as  I took  to 

milk,  and,  without  the  least  idea  what  I was  do- 
ing, got  the  taste  for  simple  words  into  the  very 
fiber  of  my  nature.  There  was  day-school  for 
me  until  I was  eight  years  old,  and  then  I had  to 

turn  in  and  work  thirteen  hours  a day 

From  the  days  when  we  used  to  spell  out  Crusoe 
and  old  Bunyan  there  had  grown  up  in  me  a de- 
vouring hunger  to  read  books.  It  made  small 
matter  what  they  were,  so  they  were  books. 
Half  a volume  of  an  old  encyclopaedia  came 
along — the  first  I had  ever  seen.  How  man}' 
times  I went  through  that  I cannot  even  guess. 
I remember  that  I read  some  old  reports  of  the 
Missionary  Society  with  the  greatest  delight. 
There  were  chapters  in  them  about  China  and 
Labrador.  Yet  I think  it  is  in  reading,  as  it  is  in 
eating,  when  the  first  hunger  is  over  you  begin 
to  be  a little  critical,  and  will  by  no  means  take 
to  garbage  if  you  are  of  a wholesome  nature. 
And  I remember  this  because  it  touches  this 
beautiful  valley  of  the  Hudson.  I could  not  go 
home  for  the  Christmas  of  1839,  and  was  feeling 
very  sad  about  it  all,  for  I was  only  a boy ; and 


The  Reading  Habit , 


21 


sittir*  g by  the  fire,  an  old  farmer  came  in  and 
said-  ‘I  notice  thou’s  fond  o’  reading,  so  I 
brought  thee  summat  to  read/  It  was  Irving’s 
4 Sketch  Book/  I had  never  heard  of  the  work. 
I went  at  it,  and  was  4 as  them  that  dream/  No 
such  delight  had  touched  me  since  the  old  days 
of  Crusoe.  I saw  the  Hudson  and  the  Catskills, 
took  poor  Rip  at  once  into  my  heart,  as  every- 
body has,  pitied  Ichabod  while  I laughed  at  him, 
thought  the  old  Dutch  feast  a most  admirable 
thing,  and  long  before  I was  through,  all  regret 
at  my  lost  Christmas  had  gone  down  the  wind, 
and  I had  found  out  there  are  books  and  books. 
That  vast  hunger  to  read  never  left  me.  If  there 
was  no  candle,  I poked  my  head  down  to  the 
fire ; read  while  I was  eating,  blowing  the  bel- 
lows, or  walking  from  one  place  to  another.  I 
could  read  and  walk  four  miles  an  hour.  The 
world  centered  in  books.  There  was  no  thought 
in  my  mind  of  any  good  to  come  out  of  it ; the 
good  lay  in  the  reading.  I had  no  more  idea  of 
being  a minister  than  you  elder  men  who  were 
boys  then,  in  this  town,  had  that  I should  be  here 
to-night  to  tell  this  story.  Now,  give  a boy  a 
passion  like  this  for  anything,  books  or  business, 
painting  or  farming,  mechanism  or  music,  and 


22 


l'he  Choice  of  Books. 


you  give  him  thereby  a lever  to  lift  his  world, 
and  a patent  of  nobility,  if  the  thing  he  does  is 
noble.  There  were  two  or  three  of  my  mind 
about  books.  We  became  companions,  and  gave 
the  roughs  a wide  berth.  The  books  did  their 
work,  too,  about  that  drink,  and  fought  the  devil 
with  a finer  fire.  I remember  while  I was  yet  a 
lad  reading  Macaulay’s  great  essay  on  Bacon, 
and  1 could  grasp  its  wonderful  beauty.  There 
has  been  no  time  when  I have  not  felt  sad  that 
there  should  have  been  no  chance  for  me  at  a 
good  education  and  training.  I miss  it  every 
day,  but  such  chances  as  were  left  lay  in  thal 
everlasting  hunger  to  still  be  reading.  I was 
tough  as  leather,  and  could  do  the  double  stint, 
and  so  it  was  that,  all  unknown  to  myself,  I was 
as  one  that  soweth  good  seed  in  his  field.” 

With  young  or  old,  there  is  no  such  helpei 
toward  the  reading  habit  as  the  cultivation  o! 
this  warm  and  undying  feeling  of  the  friendli. 
ness  of  books, — in  which  subject  Frederick  Deni- 
son  Maurice  found  enough  to  write  a whole 
book.  If  a parent  or  other  guide  seems  but  a 
task-master ; if  his  rules  are  those  of  a statute- 
book,  and  his  society  like  that  of  an  officer  of  the 
law,  there  is  small  hope  that  his  help  can  be  made 


The  Reading  Habit . 


23 


either  serviceable  or  profitable.  But  with  the 
growth  of  the  friendly  feeling  comes  a state  of 
mind  which  renders  all  things  possible.  When 
one  book  has  become  a friend  and  fellow,  the 
world  has  grown  that  much  broader  and  more 
beautiful.  Petrarch  said  of  his  books,  considered 
as  his  friends  (I  borrow  the  translation  from  the 
excellent  treasure-house  of  quotations  on  books 
and  reading,  prefixed  by  Dr.  Allibone  to  his 
“Dictionary  of  Authors ”):  “I  have  friends, 
whose  society  is  extremely  agreeable  to  me ; 
they  are  of  all  ages,  and  of  every  country.  They 
have  distinguished  themselves  both  in  the  cabi- 
net and  in  the  field,  and  obtained  high  honors 
for  their  knowledge  of  the  sciences*  It  is  easy 
to  gain  access  to  them,  for  they  are  always  at 
my  service,  and  I admit  them  to  my  company, 
and  dismiss  them  from  it,  whenever  I please. 
They  are  never  troublesome,  but  immediately 
answer  every  question  I ask  them.  Some  relate 
to  me  the  events  of  the  past  ages,  while  others 
reveal  to  me  the  secrets  of  nature.  Some  teach 
me  how  to  live,  and  others  how  to  die.  Some, 
by  their  vivacity,  drive  away  my  cares  and  ex- 
hilarate my  spirits,  while  others  give  fortitude  to 
my  mind,  and  teach  me  the  important  lesson  how 


24 


The  Choice  of  Books . 


to  restrain  my  desires,  and  to  depend  wholly  on 
myself.  They  open  to  me,  in  short,  the  various 
avenues  of  all  the  arts  and  sciences,  and  upon 
their  information  I safely  rely  in  all  emergencies.” 
“ In  my  study,”  quaintly  said  Sir  William  Waller, 
“ I am  sure  to  converse  with  none  but  wise  men  ; 
but  abroad  it  is  impossible  for  me  to  avoid  the 
society  of  fools.”  Sir  John  Herschel  called 
books  “ the  best  society  in  every  period  of  his- 
tory :”  “ Were  I to  pray  for  a taste  which  should 
stand  me  in  stead  under  every  variety  of  circum- 
stances, and  be  a source  of  happiness  and  cheer- 
fulness to  me  during  life,  and  a shield  against  its 
ills,  however  things  might  go  amiss,  and  the 
world  frown  upon  me,  it  would  be  a taste  for 
reading.  Give  a man  this  taste,  and  the  means 
of  gratifying  it,  and  you  can  hardly  fail  of  mak- 
ing him  a happy  man ; unless,  indeed,  you  put 
into  his  hands  a most  perverse  selection  of  books. 
You  place  him  in  contact  with  the  best  society 
in  every  period  of  history — with  the  wisest,  the 
r wittiest,  the  tenderest,  the  bravest,  and  the  purest 
characters  who  have  adorned  humanity.  You 
Wake  him  a denizen  of  all  nations,  a contempo- 
rary of  all  ages.  The  world  has  been  created 
for  him.”  Among  his  books,  William  Ellery 


The  Reading  Habit. 


25 


Channing  could  say : “ In  the  best  books,  great 
men  talk  to  us,  with  us,  and  give  us  their  most 
precious  thoughts.  Books  are  the  voices  of  the 
distant  and  the  dead.  Books  are  the  true  level- 
ers.  They  give  to  all  who  will  faithfully  use 
them,  the  society  and  the  presence  of  the  best 
and  greatest  of  our  race.  No  matter  how  poor 
I am ; no  matter  though  the  prosperous  of  my 
own  time  will  not  enter  my  obscure  dwelling,  if 
earned  men  and  poets  will  enter  and  take  up 
;heir  abode  under  my  roof, — if  Milton  will  cross 
my  threshold  to  sing  to  me  of  Paradise ; and 
Shakespeare  open  to  me  the  world  of  imagina- 
tion and  the  workings  of  the  human  heart ; and 
Franklin  enrich  me  with  his  practical  wisdom, — 
I shall  not  pine  for  want  of-  intellectual  compan- 
ionship, and  I may  become  a cultivated  man, 
though  excluded  from  what  is  called  the  best 

society  in  the  place  where  I live Nothing 

can  supply  the  place  of  books.  They  are  cheer- 
ing and  soothing  companions  in  solitude,  illness, 
or  affliction.  The  wealth  of  both  continents 
could  not  compensate  for  the  good  they  impart. 
Let  every  man,  if  possible,  gather  some  good 
books  under  his  roof,  and  obtain  access  for  him- 
self and  family  to  some  social  library.  Almost 


The  Choice  of  Books . 


26 


any  luxury  should  be  sacrificed  to  this.'*  And 
one  cannot  wonder  that  Fenelon  said : “ If  the 
crowns  of  all  the  kingdoms  of  the  empire  were 
laid  down  at  my  feet  in  exchange  for  my  books 
and  my  love  of  reading,  I would  spurn  them  all ;” 
or  that  the  historian  Gibbon  wrote : “ A taste 


for  books  is  the  pleasure  and  glory  of  my  life. 
I would  not  exchange  it  for  the  glory  of  the 
Indies,” 

All  these  words  of  wise  readers  show  that  he 


who  rightly  cultivates  the  reading  habit  can  not 
only  have  the  best  of  friends  ever  at  hand,  but 
can  at  length  say  with  all  modesty,  if  he  reads 
aright  and  remembers  well : “ My  mind  to  me  a 
kingdom  is.” 


The  foregoing  pages  are  from  “The  Choice  of  Books,”  by- 
Charles  F.  Richardson,  a very  beautiful  volume  of  208  pages, 
its  sixteen  chapters  treating  of  the  following  subjects’. 


The  Motive  of  Reading. 

The  Reading  Habit. 

What  Books  to  Read. 

The  Best  Time  to  Read. 

I low  Much  to  Read. 
Remembering  What  One 
Reads. 

The  Use  of  Note-Books. 

The  Cultivation  of  Taste. 


Poetry. 

The  Art  of  Skipping. 

The  Use  of  Translations. 

How  to  Read  Periodicals. 
Reading  Aloud  and  Reading 
Clubs. 

What  Books  to  Own. 

The  Use  of  Public  Libraries. 
The  True  Service  of  Reading. 


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type,  leaded,  cloth. 

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John  Locke.  Handy-volume  edition.  Uniform  with  Bacon’s  Essays. 
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STANDING,  complete  in  one  handy-volume,  half  Russia  binding. 

LIBRAR  Y of  CLASSIC  PROSE.  In  one  imperial  oc- 
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ornamented,  the  following  famous  essays  and  works : 

Macaulay’s  Essays  on  Milton. 

Jolin  Stuart  Mill  On  Liberty. 

P.  G.  Hamerton’s  The  Intellectual  Life. 

Herbert  Spencer  on  Education. 

Great  Thoughts  from  Greek  Authors. 

Great  Thoughts  from  Latin  Authors. 

Complete  Essays  by  Lord  Bacon. 

Complete  “Letters  of  Junius.” 

Irving’s  Rip  Van  Winkle  and  Other  Sketches. 
Washington’s  Farewell  and  Other  Addresses. 
Macaulay’s  Life  of  Frederick  the  Great. 

Stanbarb  jfiction 

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gilt  tops. 

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plete in  15  small  octavo  volumes,  extra  cloth,  beveled  boards,  gilt  tops. 


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brary Edition,  with  over  200  illustrations,  on  large  paper,  7,700  pages. 
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tops. 

GEORGE  ELIOT’S  COMPLETE  WORKS.  New 

Library  Edition,  finely  printed  on  large  paper — and  including  her  Essays 
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THE  MURDER  in  the  RUE  MORGUE,  and  OTHER  TALES. 


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HEALTH  by  EXEBCISE.  A new  edition.  By  George 
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THE  NEBVES.  Paralysis  and  other  Affections  of  the 

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Bncient  Classics 


ANCIENT  CLASSICS  for  English  Readers.  The 

object  of  this  series  is  to  reveal  to  any  English  reader  the  knowledge 
and  the  beauties  of  classic  literature,  tell  who  the  writers  were,  give 
some  connected  outline  of  their  story,  present  their  most  striking  pas- 
sages in  choice  English  translation,  and  illustrate  them  from  the  wealth 
of  modern  scholarship  : 


1.  Caesar,  By  Anthony  Trollope. 

2.  Herodotus.  By  Geo.  C.  Swayne. 

3.  Cicero.  By  TV.  L.  Collins. 

4.  Demosthenes.  Rev.  W.  J.Brodribb. 

5.  Aristotle.  By  Sir  Alex.  Grant. 

6.  Plato.  By  C.  W.  Collins. 

7.  Horace.  By  Theodore  Martin. 

8.  Juvenal.  By  Edward  Walford. 

9.  Tacitus.  By  W.  B.  Donne. 

10.  Virgil.  By  W.  L.  Collins. 

11.  Homer:  The  Iliad.  By  W.  L.  Collins. 

12.  Homer:  The  Odyssey.  W.  L.  Collins. 

13.  Xenophon.  By  Sir  Alex.  Grant. 

14.  JEschylus.  By  the  Bishop  of  Colombo. 


15.  Sophocles.  By  C.  W.  Collins. 

16.  Pliny.  By  Church  and  Brodribb. 

17.  Aristophanes.  By  W.L  Collins. 

18.  The  Greek  Anthology. Lord  leaves. 

19.  Euripides.  By  W.  B.  Donne. 

20.  Livy.  B.  W.  L.  Collins. 

21.  Ovid.  By  Rev.  A.  Church. 

22.  Thucydides.  By  W.  L.  Collins. 

23.  Lucian.  By  W.  L.  Collins. 

24.  Plautus  and  Terence.  W.  L.  Collins 

25.  Lucretius.  By  W.  H Mallock. 

26.  Pindar.  By  Rev.  F.  D.  Morice. 

27.  Hesiod  and  Theognis.  Rev.  J.  Davis 


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bus. 

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75  Life  of  Sam  Houston 

74  Young  People’s  Life  of  Washington 

70  Nos.  2,  43,  66,  67,  68,  69,  combined 

69  A Half  Hour  with  St.  Paul 

68  The  Crucifixion.  Cunningham  Geikie 

67  Seneca  and  St.  Paul.  Canon  Farrar 

66  The  Celtic  Hermits.  Chas.  Kingsley 

65  Schiller’s  Historv  Thirty  Years’  War 

64  The  Essays  of  Lord  Bacon 

63  Mud  King’s  Daughter.  Andersen.... 

62  The  Ugly  Duck,  and  other  Stories 

61  The  Picture  Book  without  Pictures 

60  The  Ice  Maiden,  and  other  Stories 

59  The  Christmas  Greeting 

58  Shoes  Of  Fortune  and  otfier  Stories 

57  Fairy  Tales.  Hans  Andersen.  Illus 

56  The  Story-Teller,  and  other  Tales 

54  Nos.  10, 13,  40,  51,  52,  53,  combined 

53  Adventures  of  Bai-on  Munchausen 

52  Sindbad  the  Sailor 

51  Fables  from  ASsop.  Illustrated 

50  Nos.  11, 16,  38,  and  Life  of  Irving.  R.  H.  Stoddard. 

46  Philosophy  of  Style.  Spencer 

44  Evidences  of  Evolution.  Huxley 

43  Buddhism.  By  John  Caird 

42  Civilizations  of  Asia,  llawlinson 

41  Life  of  Peter  Cooper.  C.E.  Lester 

40  Sunshine  and  other  Stories.  Alden 

38  Life  of  Richard  Wagner.  Portrait 

37  Pearls  of  the  Faith.  Edwin  Arnold 

36  Schiller’s  Song  of  the  Bell,  etc 

35  Life  of  Alex.  H.  Stephens.  Illus 

32  Indian  Song  of  Songs.  Arnold 

30  Highways  of  Literature.  D.  Pryde 

28  Songs  of  Seven,  etc.  Jean  Ingelow 

27  How  Lisa  Loved  the  King.  Geo.Eliot 

26  Cotter’s  Saturday  Night,  etc.  Burns 

25  Deserted  Village,  etc.  Goldsmith 

21  American  Humorists.  Mark  Twain 

20  American  Humorists.  A.  Ward 

19  American  Humorists.  Lowell. 

18  Cricket  on  the  Hearth.  Dickens 

17  American  Humorists.— Holmes 

16  Life  of  Gustave  Dore.  Illustrated 

15  American  Humorists.— Irving 

14  Bunyan’s  Pilgrim’s  Progress.  Illus 

13  A Half  Hour  in  Natural  History 

12  World  Smashing,  etc.  Williams 

11  Life  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton.  Parton 

10  Queen  Mabel,  etc.  Ellen  T.  Alden 

9 Hamlet.  Shakespeare 

8 Frederick  the  Great.  Macaulay 

7 Motive  and  Habit  of  Reading 

6 Enoch  Arden.  Alfred  Tennyson 

5 Sea-Serpents  of  Science . W ilson 

3 The  Words  of  Washington 

2 The  Burning  of  Rome.  Farrar 

1 Rip  Van  Winkle,  Irving 


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ANCIENT  CLASSICS  FOR  ENGLISH  READERS. 


97  Hesiod  and  Theognis.  Davies 

96  Pindar.  By  Rev.  F.  D.  Mo  rice 

95  Lucretius.  By  W.  H.  Malloek 

92  Plautus  and  Terence.  W.  L.  Collins 

91  Lucian.  By  W.  L Collins 

90  Thucydides.  By  W.  L.  Collins 

87  Ovid.  By  Rev.  A.  Church 

86  Livy.  By  W.  L.  Collins : 


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85  Euripides.  By  W.  B.  Donne.. 

82  The  Greek  Anthology.  Lord  Neaves. 

81  Aristophanes..  By  W.  L.  Collins 

80  Pliny.  By  Church  and  Brodribb 

78  Sophocles.  By  C.  W.  Collins 

77  Alschylus.  Bishop  of  Colombo 

76  Xenophon.  By  Sir  Alex.  Grant 

73  Homer’s  Odyssey.  By  W.  L.  Collins. 
72  Homer’s  Iliad.  By  W.  L.  Collins.... 

71  Virgil.  ByW.L.  Collins 

45  Tacitus.  By  W.  B.  Donne 

39  Juvenal.  By  Edward  Walford 

34  Horace.  By  Theodore  Martin 

33  Plato.  By  Clinton  W.  Collins 

31  Aristotle.  By  Sir  Alex.  Grant 

29  Demosthenes.  By  W.  J.  Brodribb. . 

24  Cicero.  By  W.  Lucas  Collins 

23  Herodotus.  By  Geo.  C.  Swayne.  . . . 
22  Caesar.  By  Anthony  Trollope 


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PARTIAL  LIST  OF 


TTbe  IFrvniuj  Xibcar^. 


169  Love’s  Harvest.  Far  jeon  

168  A Family  Affair.  Conway 

157  Pilgrim’s  Progress.  Bunyan 

156  vEsop’s  Fables 

155  Choice  of  Books.  Richardson 

154  The  Light  of  Asia.  Arnold  

153  Manliness  of  Christ.  Hughes 

152  On  Socialism.  John  Stuart  Mill. 

126  Irving  Tales.  (Short  Stories) 

125  Gems  from  Longfellow,  Whittier,  and  Bryant 

124  Alden’s  Juvenile  Story-Book 

109  Chinese  Gordon.  Archibald  Forbes 

103  Irving  Classics,  Second  Series 

102  Irving  Classics,  First  Series 

78  Robinson  Crusoe.  DeFoe 

77  The  Arabian  Nights 

74  History  of  the  Republican  Party 

36  Marcus  Aurelius.  Matthew  Arnold 

31  Extracts  from  Confucius  and  Mencius.  Translated 

30  Twice  Told  Tales.  Hawthorne 

28  Message  of  the  Nineteenth  Century.  Pres’t  W'hite  of  Cornell. 

27  Salmagundi.  Irving 

26  Capt.  Bonneville.  Irving 

25  Astoria.  Irving 

24  Moorish  Chronicles.  Irving 

23  Rab  and  His  Friends.  John  Brown 

22  Life  of  Goldsmith.  Irving 

21  Life  of  Mahomet.  Irving 

20  Spanish  Voyages.  Irving 

19  Conquest  of  Spain.  Irving 

18  Conquest  of  Granada.  Irving 

17  The  Alhambra.  Irving 

16  Tour  of  the  Prairies.  Irving 

15  Knickerbocker.  Irving 

14  Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow.  Irving 

13  Crayon  Papers.  Irving .# 

12  The  Sketch  Book.  Irving 

11  Abbotsford,  etc.  Irving 

10  Wolf ert’s  Roost,  etc.  Irving 

7 Bracebridge  Hall.  Irving 

6 Tales  of  a Traveler.  Irving  

2,  3,  4,  5,  Life  of  Columbus.  Irving 


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